Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
Photo: Willow, CC BY 2.5, Wikimedia Commons

On the map in 2 countries tree

Downy birch

Betula pubescens

Family: Betulaceae

On our map this plant appears in 2 countries and ranks highest in: Iceland, Norway.

The downy birch is a tree or multi-stemmed shrub with white or brownish bark and small, toothed leaves, whose young shoots are covered with soft hairs. In the harsh northern climate it rarely exceeds a few metres in height and often grows twisted by the wind. It is very resistant to frost, short summers and poor soils, and its roots protect the soil from wind and water erosion. In Iceland it hybridises with the dwarf birch (Betula nana), producing intermediate forms.

Description from: Iceland.

More: Wikipedia (en) Wikipedia (pl) Plants of the World Online (Kew)

Significance in each country

  1. Iceland no. 2 of 5 native

    The downy birch is the only tree that naturally forms forests in Iceland. After centuries of felling for firewood, charcoal and pasture, only small birch woods have survived, such as Hallormsstaðaskógur and Þórsmörk, and restoring birch…

  2. Norway no. 4 of 10 native

    In Norway mountain birch forests form the belt at the upper treeline and cover vast areas of the north, where spruce and pine no longer grow.