Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
Photo: Vicente Fernández Rioja, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons

On the map in 2 countries tree symbol: Chile

Monkey puzzle tree

Araucaria araucana

Family: Araucariaceae

On our map this plant appears in 2 countries and ranks highest in: Chile, Argentina.

The monkey puzzle tree is a conifer reaching 40–50 m and living more than a thousand years. Its branches are covered with sharp, triangular, overlapping leaves, and old trees have an umbrella-shaped crown set high on a thick, fire-resistant trunk. It grows on the slopes of volcanoes and in the mountains, often on poor soils formed from volcanic ash. Its female cones, the size of a child’s head, contain hundreds of large, edible seeds – piñones. The ancestors of the araucaria grew in the age of the dinosaurs, which is why these trees are called living fossils.

Description from: Chile.

More: Wikipedia (en) Wikipedia (pl) Plants of the World Online (Kew)

Significance in each country

  1. Chile no. 2 of 10 native

    Natural monument of Chile; sacred tree of the Pehuenche people

    Since 1990 the monkey puzzle tree has been a natural monument in Chile and may not be felled; piñones are the basis of the traditional Pehuenche diet, and araucaria forests give their character to the Conguillío and Nahuelbuta national…

  2. Argentina no. 8 of 10 native

    In Argentina, pehuén forests grow in the Andes of Neuquén Province, protected in places such as Lanín National Park, and are one of the region’s showpieces.